Name: Carbon steel elbow
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Carbon steel elbow

High Strength & Durability: Superior pressure-bearing capacity, long service life
Cost-Effective: Excellent value, low maintenance costs
Easy Installation: Precise dimensions, reliable connections
Multiple Specifications: Meets various operational requirements
High-Temperature Resistance: Suitable for high-temperature, high-pressure environments
Wide Compatibility: Handles various media transportation

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◉ PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

Elbow Types & Angles

Type	Angle	Bend Radius	Application Scenarios
45° Elbow	45°	1.5D, 2D, 3D	Gentle turns, minimal pressure loss
90° Elbow	90°	1D, 1.5D, 2D, 3D, 5D	Standard right-angle turns
180° Elbow	180°	1.5D, 2D, 3D	U-shaped return systems
Long Radius Elbow	45°/90°	R=1.5D	Low-pressure drop applications
Short Radius Elbow	90°	R=1D	Space-constrained installations
Reducing Elbow	45°/90°	1.5D, 2D	Pipe size transition connections
Elbow with Straight Ends	45°/90°	1.5D, 2D	Special installation requirements

Material Grades

Q235: Ordinary carbon structural steel
20#: High-quality carbon structural steel
A106 Gr.B: Carbon steel for high-temperature service
A234 WPB: Carbon steel for piping applications
Q345: High-strength low-alloy steel
A105: Carbon steel forgings

Pressure Ratings & Standards

Standard System	Pressure Classes	Size Range	Wall Thickness Series
ASME/ANSI	Sch10-Sch160	1/2"-48"	STD, XS, XXS
DIN	PN6-PN100	DN15-DN1200	-
GB	PN0.25-PN25	DN15-DN2000	-
JIS	5K-30K	15A-1000A	-

Technical Parameters

Dimensional Tolerances

Outside Diameter Tolerance: ±1.0% (Precision grade), ±1.5% (Standard grade)
Wall Thickness Tolerance: ±10% (Precision grade), ±12.5% (Standard grade)
Angle Tolerance: ±0.5° (Precision machining), ±1.0° (Standard machining)
Roundness Tolerance: ≤1.5%D (D = Nominal Diameter)

Connection Methods

Butt Weld Connection: High-strength joint, excellent sealing
Socket Weld Connection: Easy installation, suitable for small diameters
Threaded Connection: Low-pressure systems, easy disassembly
Flanged Connection: Large-diameter piping, convenient maintenance

Manufacturing Processes

Production Methods

Hot Push Forming: Cost-effective for mass production
Cold Push Forming: Small diameters, superior surface quality
Hot Press Forming: Large diameters, uniform wall thickness
Welded Construction: Extra-large sizes, custom production
Forged Manufacturing: Applications requiring high strength

Quality Control

Raw Material Inspection: Chemical composition analysis
Dimensional Inspection: CMM precision measurement
Pressure Testing: 1.5 times working pressure test
Visual Inspection: Surface defect detection
NDT Testing: Ultrasonic, radiographic inspection

Performance Parameters

Mechanical Properties

Material	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Yield Strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)	Impact Energy (J)
Q235	375-500	≥235	≥26	≥27
20#	≥410	≥245	≥25	≥39
A106 Gr.B	≥415	≥240	≥21	-
Q345	490-675	≥345	≥21	≥34

Temperature-Pressure Characteristics

Operating Temperature: -29°C to 425°C
Maximum Working Pressure: 25MPa
Temperature-Pressure Derating Curves: Complete technical documentation provided

◉ Surfcae selection

SURFACE	CHARACTERISTIC	SUMMARY OF MANUFACTURING METHOD	APPLICATION
NO.1	Silvery white	Hot rolled to specified thickness	Do not need to have a glossy surface use
NO.1	lackluster	Hot rolled to specified thickness	Do not need to have a glossy surface use
NO.2D	Silvery white	After cold rolling, heat treatment and pickling are carried out	General material, deep material
NO.2B	Gloss is stronger than No.2D	After No.2D treatment, the final light cold rolling is carried out through the polishing roller	The general material
BA	As bright as a sixpence	No standard, but usually a bright annealed surface with high reflectivity.	Building materials, kitchen utensils
NO.3	Rough lapping	Grind with 100~200# (unit) strop tape	Building materials, kitchen utensils
NO.4	Intermediate grinding	Polished surface obtained by grinding with 150~180# strop abrasive tape	Building materials, kitchen utensils
NO.240	Fine lapping	Grinding with 240# strop abrasive tape	kitchenware
NO.320	Very fine grinding	Grinding was carried out with 320# strop abrasive tape	kitchenware
NO.400	The luster is close to BA	Use 400# polishing wheel to grind	General timber, building timber, kitchen appliances
HL	Hairline grinding	Suitable particle material for hair stripe grinding (150~240#) with many grains	Building, construction material
NO.7	It's close to mirror grinding	Use a 600# rotary polishing wheel to grind	For art or decoration
NO.8	Mirror ultrafinish	The mirror is ground with a polishing wheel	Reflector, for decoration